Hypercalcemia:
Grading:
It can ne graded as mild, moderate & severe hypercalcemia.
Causes:
with normal or elevated PTH level:
.primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
.Lithium induced hyperparathyroidism
. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
With low PTH level
.Malignancy ( lung, breast, renal, lymphoma)
.Multiple myeloma
.Sarcoidosis
.Hypervotaminosis D
.Thyrotoxicosis
.Thiazide diuretics
.Glaucocorticoid deficiency
.Paget's disease
Clinical Features:
Clinical features of hypercalcemia include polyuria, polydipsia, dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea, lathargy, constipation, depression, drowsiness, impaired cognition, PUD, renal colic
Investigations:
Elevated PTH level along with hypercalcemia indicate primary hyperparathyroidism is the most possible diagnosis. Elevated plasma phosphate & alkaline phosphatase along with renal failure indicate tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia can be confirmed by screening family members for hypercalcemia.
Grading:
It can ne graded as mild, moderate & severe hypercalcemia.
Causes:
with normal or elevated PTH level:
.primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
.Lithium induced hyperparathyroidism
. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
With low PTH level
.Malignancy ( lung, breast, renal, lymphoma)
.Multiple myeloma
.Sarcoidosis
.Hypervotaminosis D
.Thyrotoxicosis
.Thiazide diuretics
.Glaucocorticoid deficiency
.Paget's disease
Clinical Features:
Clinical features of hypercalcemia include polyuria, polydipsia, dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea, lathargy, constipation, depression, drowsiness, impaired cognition, PUD, renal colic
Investigations:
Elevated PTH level along with hypercalcemia indicate primary hyperparathyroidism is the most possible diagnosis. Elevated plasma phosphate & alkaline phosphatase along with renal failure indicate tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia can be confirmed by screening family members for hypercalcemia.
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